⊙ 重庆七中 张少均
句子是构成篇章的基本单位。要读懂一篇文章,首先要理解每个句子。同样,要写出一篇文章,首先要写好每个句子。一个句子最短的基本成分是“主+谓”,最长的基本成分是“主+谓+宾+补”。基本成分的修饰语为附属成分:定语—修饰限制名词或代词的单词﹑短语或从句;状语—修饰限制谓语﹑句子或句子里一部分的单词﹑短语或从句。
一、附属成分作定语
英语中的定语可分为限制性定语和非限制性定语。用来作定语的有:名词﹑数词﹑形容词﹑代词﹑副词﹑介词短语﹑非谓语动词和定语从句等等。
1. 限制性定语:单个词放在被修饰的词前面,短语和从句放在被修饰的词后面。
(1)名词﹑形容词﹑副词﹑数词﹑代词或介词短语等;
①She worked in a shoe factory.
②Please don’t be so cruel to a ten-year-old child like that.
副词作定语一般放在被修饰的词后面, 以表示位置的居多。如:
③Do you know the man over there?
④Poor Jack tottered toward a hospital nearby.
present, absent, a-开头的形容词和形容词短语作定语放在被修饰的词之后。可以理解成which /that / who +is(was) / are(were)引导的定语从句的省略。如:
⑤All the people present at the party were his supporters.
⑥I think he is the oldest man alive in the small town.
(1)非谓语动词(短语),一般可转换成限制性定语从句。
①Let’s find a restaurant to have lunch in.
句中黑体部分可改为:where/in which we can have lunch
②The repairs cost a lot, but it’s money well spent.
句中黑体部分可改为:that/which was well spent
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